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soluuhuong1
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ID 61360
06/20/2010
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what are sense verbs?
Here are some examples of sense verbs:
See= 'Can you see that airplane?'
Look = 'She looked at the painting carefully.'
Hear = 'I heard the phone ringing.'
Sound = 'She sounds like Madonna.'
Feel = 'Abdul felt his chair move.'
Taste= 'Can you taste this soup for me?'
Watch = 'They watched the film together.'
Smell = 'Cigarette smoke smells terrible.'
base and –ing verbs
Compare these two sentences to see the difference in meaning between base and –ing verbs. The sense verb is ‘saw’ (see).
'I saw her play football.' = I saw the whole game of football/ I saw the whole action.
'I saw her playing football' = When I saw her she was playing. We assume that the speaker did not watch the whole game. The game probably continued after the speaker stopped watching.
describing things using sense verbs and adjectives
We can use sense verbs with adjectives to describe our personal opinions and thoughts about things:
'This cake tastes delicious.'
'The seawater feels warm.'
'You look tired.'
'Fresh bread smells great.'
'This new band sound original'
describing things using sense verbs and nouns
We use subject + sense verb + like + object to compare the similarity between two nouns. For example:
'Your father looks like Father Christmas.'
Your father (subject) + looks (sense verb) + like+ Father Christmas (object)
'Perfume smells like flowers.'
'This tastes like dog food!'
Alert webmaster - Báo webmaster bài viết vi phạm nội quy
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soluuhuong1
member
REF: 546832
06/20/2010
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5 TENSES VERBS
Sight.
The eye is the organ of vision. It has a complex structure consisting of a transparent lens that focuses light on the retina. The retina is covered with two basic types of light-sensitive cells-rods and cones. The cone cells are sensitive to color and are located in the part of the retina called the fovea, where the light is focused by the lens. The rod cells are not sensitive to color, but have greater sensitivity to light than the cone cells. These cells are located around the fovea and are responsible for peripheral vision and night vision. The eye is connected to the brain through the optic nerve. The point of this connection is called the "blind spot" because it is insensitive to light. Experiments have shown that the back of the brain maps the visual input from the eyes.
The brain combines the input of our two eyes into a single three-dimensional image. In addition, even though the image on the retina is upside-down because of the focusing action of the lens, the brain compensates and provides the right-side-up perception. Experiments have been done with subjects fitted with prisms that invert the images. The subjects go through an initial period of great confusion, but subsequently they perceive the images as right side up.
The range of perception of the eye is phenomenal. In the dark, a substance produced by the rod cells increases the sensitivity of the eye so that it is possible to detect very dim light. In strong light, the iris contracts reducing the size of the aperture that admits light into the eye and a protective obscure substance reduces the exposure of the light-sensitive cells. The spectrum of light to which the eye is sensitive varies from the red to the violet. Lower electromagnetic frequencies in the infrared are sensed as heat, but cannot be seen. Higher frequencies in the ultraviolet and beyond cannot be seen either, but can be sensed as tingling of the skin or eyes depending on the frequency. The human eye is not sensitive to the polarization of light, i.e., light that oscillates on a specific plane. Bees, on the other hand, are sensitive to polarized light, and have a visual range that extends into the ultraviolet. Some kinds of snakes have special infrared sensors that enable them to hunt in absolute darkness using only the heat emitted by their prey. Birds have a higher density of light-sensing cells than humans do in their retinas, and therefore, higher visual acuity.
Color blindness or "Daltonism" is a common abnormality in human vision that makes it impossible to differentiate colors accurately. One type of color blindness results in the inability to distinguish red from green. This can be a real handicap for certain types of occupations. To a colorblind person, a person with normal color vision would appear to have extrasensory perception. However, we want to reserve the term "extrasensory perception" for perception that is beyond the range of the normal.
Click here for a Color Blindness test
and some amazing optical illusions.
Hearing.
The ear is the organ of hearing. The outer ear protrudes away from the head and is shaped like a cup to direct sounds toward the tympanic membrane, which transmits vibrations to the inner ear through a series of small bones in the middle ear called the malleus, incus and stapes. The inner ear, or cochlea, is a spiral-shaped chamber covered internally by nerve fibers that react to the vibrations and transmit impulses to the brain via the auditory nerve. The brain combines the input of our two ears to determine the direction and distance of sounds.
The inner ear has a vestibular system formed by three semicircular canals that are approximately at right angles to each other and which are responsible for the sense of balance and spatial orientation. The inner ear has chambers filled with a viscous fluid and small particles (otoliths) containing calcium carbonate. The movement of these particles over small hair cells in the inner ear sends signals to the brain that are interpreted as motion and acceleration.
The human ear can perceive frequencies from 16 cycles per second, which is a very deep bass, to 28,000 cycles per second, which is a very high pitch. Bats and dolphins can detect frequencies higher than 100,000 cycles per second. The human ear can detect pitch changes as small as 3 hundredths of one percent of the original frequency in some frequency ranges. Some people have "perfect pitch", which is the ability to map a tone precisely on the musical scale without reference to an external standard. It is estimated that less than one in ten thousand people have perfect pitch, but speakers of tonal languages like Vietnamese and Mandarin show remarkably precise absolute pitch in reading out lists of words because pitch is an essential feature in conveying the meaning of words in tone languages. The Eguchi Method teaches perfect pitch to children starting before they are 4 years old. After age 7, the ability to recognize notes does not improve much.
Taste.
The receptors for taste, called taste buds, are situated chiefly in the tongue, but they are also located in the roof of the mouth and near the pharynx. They are able to detect four basic tastes: salty, sweet, bitter, and sour. The tongue also can detect a sensation called "umami" from taste receptors sensitive to amino acids. Generally, the taste buds close to the tip of the tongue are sensitive to sweet tastes, whereas those in the back of the tongue are sensitive to bitter tastes. The taste buds on top and on the side of the tongue are sensitive to salty and sour tastes. At the base of each taste bud there is a nerve that sends the sensations to the brain. The sense of taste functions in coordination with the sense of smell. The number of taste buds varies substantially from individual to individual, but greater numbers increase sensitivity. Women, in general, have a greater number of taste buds than men. As in the case of color blindness, some people are insensitive to some tastes.
Smell.
The nose is the organ responsible for the sense of smell. The cavity of the nose is lined with mucous membranes that have smell receptors connected to the olfactory nerve. The smells themselves consist of vapors of various substances. The smell receptors interact with the molecules of these vapors and transmit the sensations to the brain. The nose also has a structure called the vomeronasal organ whose function has not been determined, but which is suspected of being sensitive to pheromones that influence the reproductive cycle. The smell receptors are sensitive to seven types of sensations that can be characterized as camphor, musk, flower, mint, ether, acrid, or putrid. The sense of smell is sometimes temporarily lost when a person has a cold. Dogs have a sense of smell that is many times more sensitive than man's.
Touch.
The sense of touch is distributed throughout the body. Nerve endings in the skin and other parts of the body transmit sensations to the brain. Some parts of the body have a larger number of nerve endings and, therefore, are more sensitive. Four kinds of touch sensations can be identified: cold, heat, contact, and pain. Hairs on the skin magnify the sensitivity and act as an early warning system for the body. The fingertips and the sexual organs have the greatest concentration of nerve endings. The sexual organs have "erogenous zones" that when stimulated start a series of endocrine reactions and motor responses resulting in orgasm.
Beyond our five senses.
In addition to sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing, humans also have awareness of balance, pressure, temperature, pain, and motion all of which may involve the coordinated use of multiple sensory organs. The sense of balance is maintained by a complex interaction of visual inputs, the proprioceptive sensors (which are affected by gravity and stretch sensors found in muscles, skin, and joints), the inner ear vestibular system, and the central nervous system. Disturbances occurring in any part of the balance system, or even within the brain's integration of inputs, can cause the feeling of dizziness or unsteadiness.
Kinesthesia is the precise awareness of muscle and joint movement that allows us to coordinate our muscles when we walk, talk, and use our hands. It is the sense of kinesthesia that enables us to touch the tip of our nose with our eyes closed or to know which part of the body we should scratch when we itch.
Synesthesia.
Some people experience a phenomenon called synesthesia in which one type of stimulation evokes the sensation of another. For example, the hearing of a sound may result in the sensation of the visualization of a color, or a shape may be sensed as a smell. Synesthesia is hereditary and it is estimated that it occurs in 1 out of 1000 individuals with variations of type and intensity. The most common forms of synesthesia link numbers or letters with colors.
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soluuhuong1
member
REF: 546836
06/20/2010
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Sorry, I didn't mean to confuse you (or the readers). Let's start with some definitions for all involved. If you disagree, please let me know.
Intransitive - verbs that do not take a direct object (they could be transitive in other settings)
Transitive - verbs that take a direct object (they could be intransitive in other settings)
Ditransitive - verbs that take both a direct and indirect object (they might not be ditransitive in all uses)
Linking - verbs that connect a predicate nominative or a predicate adjective to the subject
By definition, linking verbs are intransitive, since they don't take a direct object. One could call them a subset of intransitive verbs or one could call them a different set of verbs.
In many schemata, verbs are broken down into two main types: stative and action/dynamic verbs. Stative verbs include verbs of sense, perception, existence, and, some say, relation. Action verbs are those that describe an action of the subject on the object. There is always some disagreement about particular verbs. Is the verb "own" stative or action? I say it is action, but others disagree.
If one accepts that scheme, stative verbs can be transitive or intransitive, and can even be linking verbs.
trans: I feel your pain.
intrans: I don't hear well.
linking: She looked tall.
Action verbs can be intransitive or transitive:
trans: He threw the ball.
intrans: He drove to Cleveland.
The point I was trying to clarify is this. The most common linking verbs are forms of "be" and "become". However, there are many more: act, seem, appear, prove, remain, etc. There are also some stative verbs of sense that can be linking verbs (but can also be transitive verbs or intransitive-nonlinking): smell, taste, sound, feel, look, etc.
link: The meat smelled bad.
intrans (not link): The bloodhound smelled badly.
trans: June smelled the rose.
link: The soup tasted sour.
intrans (not link): A good chef tastes often during cooking.
trans: Fred tasted the stew.
link: The piano sounds flat.
intrans (not link): The alarm sounds frequently.
trans: Mom will sound the gong at dinnertime.
link: Peter felt sick.
intrans (not link): He felt for the gun in the bag.
trans: Once she felt the fabric, she was very happy with the dress.
link: John looked annoyed.
intrans: He look at the book.
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